THE EFFECT OF PHYTOADDITIVES ON BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS AND NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN SPORT HORSES NUTRITION

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a phytogenic additive on blood serum indicator levels and faecal nutrients digestibility. The experiment was realized in Riding Centre of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Total 14 warmblood sport horses (geldings) were used (7 horses in control group, 7 horses in experimental group respectively); Slovak warmblood bred, average body weight 525±75 kg and 6.8±3 Years. The control group of horses were fed by crimped barley, meadow hay and mineral feed mixture. Feed rations in experimental group were supplemented with a phytogenic additive containing a blend of essential oils from origanum, anise and citrus, as well as a prebiotic rich in fructooligosaccharides. Blood serum was collected 3 times during the experiment, in the beginning of the experiment, and every 45 days. The experiment lasted 90 days. After the 45 days of phytoadditive supplementation we found a tendency of lower concentrations of serum triglycerides (0.07 vs. 0.23 mmol.l-1) and total cholesterol (2.18 vs. 2.27 mmol.l-1) in experimental group of horses (P>0.05). In serum concentrations of glucose, total proteins and urea we find similar values in all of groups. The same tendency we analyzed in activity of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes (P>0.05). After the 90 days of the phytoadditive supplementation in feed rations of sport horses, we detected a tendency of lower serum triglycerides concentration in experimental group of horses and higher cholesterol, glucose, total protein and urea concentrations (P>0.05). We didn´t find a significant effect of a phytoadditive supplementation on blood serum indicator levels. Higher faecal digestibility coefficient of dry matter was found in experimental group of horses (62.98%) in comparison with control group (56.87%). In control group of horses we detected tendency of lower crude protein digestibility (71.36%) in comparison with phytogenic additive group feeding (72.86%). We analyzed a positive effect of phytogenic additive on organic matter digestibility of feed ration. In experimental group of horses we found significantly (P0.05) effect of a phytoadditive on blood serum concentrations during 90 days of experiment. We found positive effect of phytoadditve supplementation on total faecal digestibility of organic nutrients

THE EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC ADDITIVES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LAYING HENS ISA BROWN

The aim of this work the influence of enzymatic additives on the productivity of laying hens ISA BROWN was to analyze. The experiment together with the Central Control and Testing Institute of Agriculture was realized. The experiment was conducted 11 months, in 3 phases: from the 22nd to the 28th week, from the 29th to the 46th week and from the 47th to the 68th week of production. Two groups with 1080 (540 in each group) animals were examined (control group A, experimental group B). In the experiment diets based on wheat, rye, barley, soybean, minerals and vitamins were used. In group B we administered a feed mixture with endo-1,4-ß-xylanase (activity 7820 TXU.g-1) and endo-1,4-ß-glucanase (activity 2940 TGU.g-1) fortification. After finishing of the last period (68th week of hens´ age) were registered parameters in both groups of animals. The body weight at the end of the experiment was positively affected in the second group (containing enzymes: B). This difference was significantly higher (P<0.05). In the B group was also confirmed significant better (P<0.05) feed intake (141.8 and 144.3 g respectively on the same level) and non significant (P>0.05) heavier eggs (64.54 and 64.02 g respectively) in A and B group. For hens in the control group (without enzymes), was registered significantly lower (P<0.05) body weight (2 239 and 2 307 g) of hens, a lower weight of eggs (P>0.05), and higher feed intake (P<0.05). The feeding without enzymes in the A group negatively influenced the quality of eggs. It was higher percentage of total non-standard eggs (7.10 and 6.56 %), cracked eggs (4.0 and 3.64 %) and broken eggs (0.52 and 0.39 %). The differences of these parameters are not significant (P>0.05). After the administration of the enzymes in the feed mixture fortification we determined a positive effect on laying hens´ productivity. The application of enzymes positively affected the average body weight of hens

Účinok kŕmych aditív vo výkrme bažantov

Fattening pheasants for the production of quality meat is a relatively recent development. With its high protein and low fat content, meat of pheasant is a highly nutritious food whose value exceeds that of broiler chickens meat. Despite the fact that the intensive rearing of pheasants has developed relatively quickly in recent years, information on the fattening capabilities and slaughter values of pheasants is often insufficient in the current literature. The length of the fattening period also differs in the literature and reported from 13 to 20 weeks while highest weight gains of pheasants to occur between 4 and 12 weeks of age. Growth of pheasants is also reflected in the weight and dimensions of internal organs, crop, oesophagus, gizzard and intestine grow up to 12 weeks of age, after which they develop their physiological ability. The structure, weight and length of the digestive tract and other internal organs of pheasants depend on housing system, gender and nutrition. Relatively few investigations were conducted to determine the influence of feed additives on fattening performance of pheasants. One of the possibilities is the use of humic acids in nutrition pheasant. Humic acids are organic compounds naturally present in soil and they positively affected growth ability, feed conversion and reducing mortality.Výkrm bažantov na produkciu kvalitného mäsa má relatívne krátku históriu. So svojím vysokým obsahom bielkovín a nízkym obsahom tuku, je mäso bažantov vysoko výživnou potravinou, ktorého hodnota prevyšuje mäso brojlerových kurčiat. Napriek tomu, že intenzívny chov bažantov sa v posledných rokoch relatívne rýchlo vyvíja, odborných informácií o možnostiach výkrmu a jatočnej hodnote bažantov je pomerne málo. Odporúčaná dĺžka výkrmu sa odlišuje aj v literatúre a pohybuje sa od 13 do 20 týždňov, pričom najvyššie prírastky bažantov sa dosahujú medzi 4. a 12. týždňom veku. Rast bažantov sa odráža aj v hmotnosti a rozmeroch vnútorných orgánov, hrvoľ, pažerák, žalúdok a črevá rastú až 12 týždňov, potom sa rozvíjajú ich fyziologické schopnosti. Štruktúra, hmotnosť a dĺžka tráviaceho traktu a vnútorných orgánov bažantov závisí systému chovu, pohlavia a výživy. Relatívne málo experimentov bolo realizovaných za účelom zistenie vplyvu doplnkových látok na výkrmové ukazovatele bažantov. Jednou z možností je použitie humínových kyselín vo výžive výkrmových bažantov. Humínové kyseliny sú organické zlúčeniny prirodzene prítomné v pôde a pozitívne ovplyvňujú rastovú schopnosť, konverziu krmiva a znižujú mortalitu

VPLYV ENZYMATICKÉHO ADITÍVA NA ÚŽITKOVOSŤ NOSNÍC ISA BROWN

The aim of this work the influence of enzymatic additives on the productivity of laying hens ISA BROWN was to analyze. The experiment together with the Central Control and Testing Institute of Agriculture was realized. The experiment was conducted 11 months, in 3 phases: from the 22nd to the 28th week, from the 29th to the 46th week and from the 47th to the 68th week of production. Two groups with 1080 (540 in each group) animals were examined (control group A, experimental group B). In the experiment diets based on wheat, rye, barley, soybean, minerals and vitamins were used. In group B we administered a feed mixture with endo-1,4-ß-xylanase (activity 7820 TXU.g-1) and endo-1,4-ß-glucanase (activity 2940 TGU.g-1) fortification. After finishing of the last period (68th week of hens´ age) were registered parameters in both groups of animals. The body weight at the end of the experiment was positively affected in the second group (containing enzymes: B). This difference was significantly higher (P<0.05). In the B group was also confirmed significant better (P<0.05) feed intake (141.8 and 144.3 g respectively on the same level) and non significant (P>0.05) heavier eggs (64.54 and 64.02 g respectively) in A and B group. For hens in the control group (without enzymes), was registered significantly lower (P<0.05) body weight (2 239 and 2 307 g) of hens, a lower weight of eggs (P>0.05), and higher feed intake (P<0.05). The feeding without enzymes in the A group negatively influenced the quality of eggs. It was higher percentage of total non-standard eggs (7.10 and 6.56 %), cracked eggs (4.0 and 3.64 %) and broken eggs (0.52 and 0.39 %). The differences of these parameters are not significant (P>0.05). After the administration of the enzymes in the feed mixture fortification we determined a positive effect on laying hens´ productivity. The application of enzymes positively affected the average body weight of hens

INFLUENCE OF SILAGE ADDITIVES ON FERMENTATION OF HIGH MOISTURE CRIMPED CORN

The objective of this work was to find influence of different silage additives on silages fermentation and nutritional value made from high moisture crimped corn, which were conserved in semi experimental conditions. Three variants were examined, untreated control (C), and two experimental variants conserved by biological (variant A) and chemical (variant B) additives. The maize crimped corn was hermetically filled into plastic bins with the capacity 50 dm3. In silage conserved by additives was lower content of crude fibre (significantly in both experimental variants) and higher content of nitrogen free extract, starch and total sugars (significantly in variant A) established. In silages form both experimental variants we found significantly lower content of lactic acid. The highest concent we detected in silage conserved without additives. In silage conserved by biological inoculant we found lower content of acetic acid and higher content of butyric acid, but their content was generally very low. Additives used in the experiment decreased content of amonia (0.074 g.kg-1 in variant A and 0.095 g.kg-1 of dry matter in variant B) and alcohols too

VPLYV SILÁŽNYCH ADITÍV NA FERMENTÁCIU VLHKÉHO MIAGANÉHO KUKURIČNÉHO ZRNA

The objective of this work was to find influence of different silage additives on silages fermentation and nutritional value made from high moisture crimped corn, which were conserved in semi experimental conditions. Three variants were examined, untreated control (C), and two experimental variants conserved by biological (variant A) and chemical (variant B) additives. The maize crimped corn was hermetically filled into plastic bins with the capacity 50 dm3. In silage conserved by additives was lower content of crude fibre (significantly in both experimental variants) and higher content of nitrogen free extract, starch and total sugars (significantly in variant A) established. In silages form both experimental variants we found significantly lower content of lactic acid. The highest concent we detected in silage conserved without additives. In silage conserved by biological inoculant we found lower content of acetic acid and higher content of butyric acid, but their content was generally very low. Additives used in the experiment decreased content of amonia (0.074 g.kg-1 in variant A and 0.095 g.kg-1 of dry matter in variant B) and alcohols too.Cieľom tejto práce bolo zistenie vplyvu rozličných silážnych aditív na fermentáciu a výživnú hodnotu siláží vyrobených z vlhkého kukuričného miaganého kukuričného zrna, konzervovaného v poloprevádzkových podmienkach. Experiment zahŕňal 3 varianty, kontrolný variant (C) – bez prídavku aditív a 2 pokusné varianty ošetrené pomocou biologických (A) a chemických (B) aditív. Kukuričné zrno bolo natlačené do plastových silážnych kontajnerov s objemom 50 dm3 a hermeticky uzatvorené. Siláže s prídavkom aditív sa vyznačovali nižším obsahom hrubej vlákniny (preukazné v oboch variantoch) a vyšším obsahom bezdusíkatých látok výťažkových, škrobu a celkových cukrov (preukazné vo variante A). V silážach variantov A a B sme zistili nižší obsah kyseliny octovej. Jej najvyšší obsah sme zaznamenali v silážach konzervovaných bez prídavku aditív. V silážach zakonzervovaných biologickým inokulantom sme zistili nižší obsah kyseliny octovej a vyšší obsah kyseliny maslovej, pričom ich obsah bol veľmi nízky. Aditíva použité v experimente znížili obsah amoniaku (0,074 g.kg-1 vo variante A and 0,095 g.kg-1 sušiny vo variante B) a tiež alkoholov v silážach

THE QUALITY OF MAIZE SILAGES FROM WEST REGION OF SLOVAKIA

The aim of this work was to determine the quality of maize silages from Western Slovak Region analyzed in 2009 and 2010 on the Department of animal nutrition, Faculty of agrobiology and food resources, Slovak university of agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia. Maize silages were evaluated on the base of nutritional value, the result of fermentation process and silage quality according to Regulation of the Government of Slovak Republic no. 439/2006, appendix no.7, part C – Silage. We found in maize silages the average dry matter content 357.87 g.kg-1 (2009) and 340.00 g.kg-1 (2010) while only in 2010 samples had got 15.4 % of dry matter content below 300 g.kg-1. Content of crude fiber was lower than 260 g.kg-1 of dry matter in all samples. Higher content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber had maize silages from 2010. The average value of net energy of lactation was 6.32 MJ.kg-1 of dry matter (2009) and 6.27 MJ.kg-1 of dry matter (2010). Only in one sample from 2010 we found a lower lactic acid content than 10 g.kg-1 of original matter. Content of acetic acid was lower in silages from 2009 (24.33 g.kg-1 of dry matter) in comparison with silages from 2010 (28.92 g.kg-1 of dry matter). Undesirable butyric acid was not found in maize silages. The value of pH fluctuated from 3.52 to 3.80 (2009) and from 3.58 to 4.14 (2010). Only 17 % of evaluated samples satisfied the criteria for silage of I. class in 2009 and 23 % in 2010 mainly because of the higher acetic acid content

THE EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL SILAGE ADDITIVE ON MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MIXTURE SILAGES OF FABA BEAN, OAT AND ALFALFA

The influence of bacterial additive on concentration of mycotoxins in mixture silages of faba bean, oat and alfalfa with high dry matter content was studied. The fresh stuff was harvested in pods formation stage of faba bean and after considerable wilting it was cut in to 20 mm particles and stuffed into silage bags. We ensiled the mixture in the control variant without additives and in the trial variant with liquid additive with following biological constituents: Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus lactis, Pedioccus acidilacti at a dose of 0.5 liter per ton. The samples were examined for the nutritive value and mycotoxins content (deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone and total fumonisins, ochratoxins) by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Zearalenone was the secondary metabolite of microscopic fungi with the highest concentration. This study suggests that application of bacterial additive can significantly reduce the concentration of zearalenone and total fumonisins in mixture silages of faba bean, oat and alfalfa.Proučavan je utjecaj bakterijskog dodatka na koncentraciju mikotoksina u smjesama silaže faba graha, zobi i lucerne visokog sadržaja suhe tvari. Svježa tvar je brana u stadiju stvaranja mahuna faba graha te nakon znatnog uvenuća narezana na male dijelove od 20 mm i utrpana u vreće za silažu. Kontrolnu smjesu smo silirali bez dodatka a pokusnu varijantu s tekućim dodatkom sljedećih bioloških sastojaka: Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus lactis i Pedioccus acidilacti u dozi od 0.5 l po toni. Uzorci su ispitani na hranjivu vrijednost i sadržaj mikotoksina (deoksinivalenol,T-2 toksin, zearalenon i ukupni fuminozini, ohratoksini) direktnim kompetitivnim imunosorbentnim enzimskim testom. Zearalenon je bio sekundarni metabolit mikroskopskih gljivica najviše koncentracije. Ovaj rad navodi na zaključak da primjena bakterijskog dodatka može značajno smanjiti koncentraciju zearalenona i ukupnih fumonizina u smjesama silaže faba graha, zobi i lucerne

IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN COLOSTRUM OF SOWS WITH PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME - PRRS

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PRRS occurrence on sow colostrum immunological quality. We realised the experiment on 20 sows (breed: Large white). From farm without presences of PRRS were 10 sows and other 10 sows were from farm with presence of PRRS. We took the samples of sows colostrums during sucking. We detected concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in sows colostrum in time of 0 hours to 12 hours after beginning of farrowing with pig Ig ELISA quantitation kits. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgG at the beginning of farrowing, 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgA at 6 and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgM at 6 and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. Lower concentrations of colostral immunoglobulins in group with PRRS can be caused of presence of PRRS. Virus PRRS can evocate synthesis of cytokine IL-10, which inhibited the function of macrophages and lymphocytes and so PRRS decrease the production of immunoglobulins and their concentration in blood of sows and consequently also concentration of immunoglobulins in sows colostrum

PROMJENE HRANJIVIH TVARI U KOLOSTRUMU KRMAČE U PRVIH 12 SATI NAKON POČETKA PRASENJA

Colostrum is the specific first diet of mammalian neonates and plays an important role in neonatal growth and development. The composition and quantity of colostrum and milk produced by sows is an important factor in successful piglet production. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in sow colostrum nutrients in the first 12 hours postpartum. The concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, fat and lactose in sow colostrum were quantified in 20 sows (Large White with various lactation numbers and various litter sizes) at 6 time points throughout first 12 hours from the beginning of farrowing. One sample of colostrum (10 mL) represented the secretion from one gland. Samples were stored at – 20 °C. Dry matter content was the highest in 2 hours after the beginning of farrowing (21.91%) and its concentration decreased during the first 12 hours to 18.74%. Crude protein concentration during the first 12 hours of lactation declined by nearly 35%. The fat concentration in colostrum gradually increased during the first 12 hours. The lowest concentration of colostrum fat (3.43%) was 2 hours from the beginning of farrowing. The lactose concentration (2.82%) was the lowest on 2 hours from beginning of farrowing and its concentration increased during the first 10 hours to 3.55%. The decrease in total protein and dry matter, and the concomitant rise in fat and lactose content, appears to signal the transition from colostrum to milk.Kolostrum je specifična prva hrana novorođenih sisavaca te igra važnu ulogu u njihovu rastu i razvoju. Sastav i količina kolostruma i mlijeka, što ih proizvodi krmača, važan su čimbenik za uspješnu proizvodnju praščića. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti promjene hranjivih tvari u kolostrumu krmače u prvih 12 sati postpartum. Koncentracije suhe tvari, sirovih bjelančevina, masti i laktoze u kolostrumu krmače izmjereni su u 20 krmača (Large White različitog broja laktacija i različitih veličina legla) 6 puta u tijeku prvih 12 sati od početka prasenja. Jedan uzorak kolostruma (10 ml) predstavljao je sekreciju jedne žlijezde. Uzorci su spremljeni na -20 C. Sadržaj suhe tvari bio je najviši 2 sata nakon početka prasenja (21.91%) a njezina koncentracija se smanjila kroz 12 sati na 18.74%. Koncentracija sirovih bjelančevina za vrijeme prvih 12 sati laktacije pala je za gotovo 35%. Koncentracija masti u kolostrumu postepeno je rasla za vrijeme prvih 12 sati. Najniže koncentracije masti u kolostrumu (3.43%) bile su 2 sata nakon početka prasenja. Koncentracija laktoze (2.82%) bila je najniža 2 sata nakon početka prasenja i ona se povećala u prvih 10 sati na 3.55%. Pad ukupnih bjelančevina i suhe tvari te istovremeno povećanje sadržaja masti izgleda da upozoravaju na prijelaz iz kolostruma u mlijeko